Political Theory and Ideology
Meaning and Importance of Political Theory
Political theory is the cornerstone of political science, providing the analytical and philosophical foundation for understanding government, power, and societal organization. By delving into the fundamentals of how societies structure themselves and the principles guiding governance, political theory shapes our comprehension of the political world.
Meaning and Importance of Democracy
Democracy is a form of government where power ultimately rests with the people. The term originates from the Greek words demos (meaning “people”) and kratos (meaning “rule”), together signifying “rule by the people.” In a democracy, decisions are made by the collective will of the citizens, either directly or through their chosen representatives. It emphasizes the principles of equality, liberty, justice, and mutual respect among all individuals.
Meaning and Principles of Liberalism
Liberalism is a political and philosophical ideology centered on the belief in individual freedom, equality, and the protection of fundamental human rights. Emerging from the Enlightenment period of the 17th and 18th centuries, liberalism advocates for the autonomy and dignity of every individual, emphasizing that all people are born with inherent rights that should be respected and safeguarded by society and the state.
Meaning of Secularism
Secularism is a principle that advocates the separation of religion from the affairs of the state and public institutions. It ensures that individuals of all religious faiths—or none—are treated equally and that no single religion is given preferential status in governance or public policy. Secularism is rooted in the ideals of equality, freedom of conscience, and neutrality toward all religious beliefs.
Meaning and Origin of Feminism
Feminism is a social, political, and intellectual movement that advocates for the equality of the sexes. It seeks to challenge and dismantle the systemic inequalities, biases, and discrimination faced by women and marginalized genders in various aspects of life, including politics, education, the workplace, and personal relationships. Feminism is not limited to women’s rights alone but broadly aims to achieve equality and justice for all genders.